The Fourth Industrial Revolution continues apace, filling this year’s Top 10 Emerging Technologies report with a striking array of integrative advances that address global gaps and concerns. Ourselection reflects the diverse nature of technological emergence – some technologies, like structural battery composites, represent novel approaches to longstanding challenges, while others, such as GLP-1s (glucagon-like peptide-1) for neurodegenerative diseases and advanced nuclear technologies, demonstrate how established innovations can find transformative new applications. Each represents a critical inflection point where scientific achievement meets practical potential for addressing global needs. (For more on how the Fourth Industrial Revolution sparks “waves of further breakthroughs”, see the final chapter of this report, “From weak signals to societal transformation”.) Take, for instance, the integration of energy systems and materials, which provides dramatic improvements in functionality and efficiency as seen in this year’s list. In structural battery composites, transport gets an upgrade with “massless” energy systems that blend into the load-bearing elements. Turning to other sources of energy, advances in materials for semipermeable membranes enable “salt power” in osmotic power systems. Finally, in the search for non-carbon energy sources, new designs for next-generation nuclear power plants are coming online.